What does a Roth conversion ladder cost in taxes?

Move pre-tax money to Roth in yearly rungs: the tax bill each conversion, the 5-year clock, and the after-tax conversion value.

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Years to convert
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Total tax on conversions
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Tax per year (average)
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After-tax value converted
What is a Roth conversion ladder?You convert pre-tax retirement money into a Roth account in yearly chunks (rungs). Each converted amount must age 5 years before it can be withdrawn tax-free — so you build a ladder of matured rungs for early retirement income.
Do I pay tax on conversions?Yes — the converted amount is ordinary income in the year of conversion. This tool shows the total bill at your bracket. Smart ladders convert only up to the top of a low bracket, paying 12-22% instead of the 32%+ you might pay on withdrawals later.
Does the 5-year clock hurt?The 5-year rule on conversions: each year's money is locked 5 years. Running twice the annual number (e.g. $40k over $20k/yr) doubles the tax annually but isn't possible in one go. The tool's timeline shows the practical schedule from your numbers.
Is this advice?No — tax math under your rate assumption, before state tax and bracket edges. Converting is often right for early retirees; check the actual bracket thresholds for your filing status before committing to a year's rung.